Which of the following can be considered a pest affecting ornamental plants?

Fungi can significantly affect ornamental plants, making them a key pest to be concerned about in this context. Numerous fungal infections can lead to diseases such as root rot, powdery mildew, and leaf spots, which not only harm the aesthetic appeal of the plants but can also compromise their health and survival. Fungicides are often used in the management of these pests, demonstrating their status as serious threats to ornamentals.

While birds and mice can also interact with ornamental plants, they do not classify as pests in the same direct manner as fungi. Birds may occasionally feed on seeds or fruits, and mice may nibble on young plants, but their impact is generally less widespread or severe compared to fungal infections. Hence, fungi are recognized as specific pests impacting the health and maintenance of ornamental plants, directly influencing their growth and visual appeal.